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Louisville Board of Alderman : ウィキペディア英語版
Louisville Board of Aldermen
The Louisville Board of Alderman was the legislative branch of government for the City of Louisville prior to its merger with Jefferson County in 2003. It comprised twelve wards.
==History==
From its earliest days Louisville was governed by a board of trustees. In 1828, when it became Kentucky's first city, government shifted to a ten-member "Common Council". In 1851 the city was given a new charter, keeping the Common Council as a "lower house" to the Board of Aldermen, an "upper house" of the city's legislative power. Originally Aldermen had to live in a ward and be elected by its residents. Reforms in 1893 aimed at reducing corruption allowed city-wide election of all Alderman, who could live in any ward.
In 1929 the larger but less prestigious Common Council was eliminated, leaving just the Board of Aldermen as the city's sole legislative body, in an arrangement that would become familiar to Louisvillians over the next 75 years.
Hattie E. Hoffman became the first female Alderman in 1929. Eugene S. Clayton became the first black Alderman in 1945, and W.J. Hodge became the first black president in 1977. The first female president was Melissa Mershon in 1990. Tina Ward-Pugh insisted on being referred to as an "Alderwoman" in 1999.
Party primaries in the individual wards began to be held in 1981.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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